Inside the Great Himalayan Wildlife Census: A Race Against Extinction

High up in the serene and snow-kissed valleys of Himachal Pradesh’s Kullu district, a quiet but vital mission is underway. The Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) — a UNESCO World Heritage Site sprawling across 1,171 square kilometers — has begun its annual wildlife census, focusing on three of its most elusive and endangered residents: the musk deer, brown bear, and blue sheep.

To carry out this delicate task, the park has deployed 16 dedicated teams, each assigned to a specific zone. Their mission? To track, observe, and count these rare species — a process that blends science, patience, and a deep respect for nature.

“We’ve launched this year’s census with 16 teams. By November, we expect to have a clear picture of how these species are faring,” says, Director of GHNP.

Why Winter Is the Best Time to Count

Every year, the census is conducted in October and November, when snowfall nudges these high-altitude animals to descend into more accessible areas. This seasonal migration offers a rare window for researchers to observe them more closely.

• Musk deer are found at elevations around 3,000 meters, often hiding in dense forests.
• Blue sheep and brown bears roam between 2,500 to 3,000 meters, making winter the ideal time to spot them.

How the Census Works

The methods are as unique as the animals themselves:

• Musk deer are counted by calling out near their known habitats and listening for responses.
• Blue sheep and brown bears are tracked using binoculars, scanning devices, and sometimes even trap cameras.

The teams will soon submit their findings, which will be compiled into a final report for the State Forest Department — a crucial step in understanding population trends and planning conservation efforts.

Why This Work Matters These species are not just rare — they’re on the brink of extinction. The census helps:

• Monitor their numbers and health.
• Protect their habitats.
• Prevent poaching (which is strictly banned in the park).
• Guide future conservation strategies.

The park is also under constant surveillance with trap cameras and regular patrols to ensure the safety of its wildlife.

A Living Treasure Since 2014

Declared a World Heritage Site in 2014, GHNP is more than just a park — it’s a living museum of biodiversity. From snow leopards and monals to rare medicinal herbs, the park is a haven for researchers, trekkers, and nature lovers alike.

What the Numbers Say

• In 2022–23, 25 blue sheep were spotted in the Tirthan Valley.
• The 2023 survey revealed:
  • 53.84% females, 23% males, and 24% lambs.
• In 2024, musk deer were seen in Delthach and nearby areas, with a 6.66% density — a 4.91% increase from the previous year.
• Brown bears weren’t directly spotted in 2024, but tracks were found in two locations.

A Safe Haven for the Wild

“This park is a sanctuary for rare herbs and animals. Since becoming a World Heritage Site, tourism has increased, but entry into the core zones is restricted — helping preserve the delicate balance of life here,” says Guman Singh, an environmentalist from Banjar.

From musk deer to snow leopards, the Great Himalayan National Park stands as a testament to India’s commitment to conservation — a place where nature thrives, and every footprint in the snow tells a story of survival.